Experiment 9 Study of macroscopical features of Vinca

Experiment 9

STUDY OF MACROSCOPICAL FEATURES OF VINCA

Synonyms

Caharanthus, Madagascar Periwinkle, Sadabahar (Nepali name)

Biological source

•                 Scientific name: Catharanthus roseus
•                 Part used: Apocyanaceae
•                 Family: dried whole plant

Organoleptic evaluation (leaves)

                Color: green

                Odor: characteristic

                Taste: bitter

                Shape:  ovate

                Size: ---- length, ------breadth

Other macroscopical Features

• -          The apex is acute.
• -          The leaf possess entire margin.
• -          The leaf is petiolate.
• -          The leaves are arranged opposite to each other.
• -          The surface of the leaf is glabrous.

Experiment 8 Study of microscopic features of Clove

Experiment 8

STUDY OF MICROSCOPICAL FEATURES OF CLOVE

Microscopic Features

• -          The epidermis consists of thick cuticle.
• -          Below the epidermis lies a zone of roughly arranged parenchymatous cells containing numerous schizolysigenous oil glands.
• -          Below the oil gland layer, a zone of bicolateral vascular bundles is present.
• -          Within the ring of vascular bundles, a zoneof arenchyma is present which is composed of air sacs which support the central columella.
• -          The outer region of columella consists of a ring of vascular bundles.

Chief constituent

• -          Eugenol

Pharmacological action/ Uses

• -          Carminative
• -          Flavoring agent
• -          Remedy for toothache
• -          Preparation of gargles, mouthwash, toothpaste

Experiment 7 Study of macroscopic features of Clove

Experiment 7

STUDY OF MACROSCOPICAL FEATURES OF CLOVE

Synonyms: Caryophyllum, Clove buds, Lwang (Vernacular name)

Biological source

•                 Scientific name: Eugenia Caryophyllus / Syzygium aromaticum
•                 Part used: dried flowering buds
•                 Family: Myrtaceae

Organoleptic evaluation

                Color: reddish brown

                Odor: Strong, spicy

                Taste: pungent, aromatic

                Shape: subcylindrical, conical

                Size: ------- length, ------- breadth (head)

Other macroscopical Features

• -          It consists of stalk and head.
• -          Stalk is cylindrical in nature which is called hypanthium.
• -          The upper part of hypanthium has bilocular ovary containing numerous ovules.
• -          The head consists of four calyx teeth.
•          The head consists of globular head made up of four imbricated petals.

Experiment 6 Study of microscopical features of Vasaka

Experiment 6

STUDY OF MICROSCOPICAL FEATURES OF VASAKA

Microscopical Features

• -          Epidermis is composed of polygonal cells.
• -          Stomata is anomocytic type.
• -          Covering trichomes are 1-5 celled, thin walled and uniseriate.
• -          Glandular trichomes have unicellular stalk and multicellular head.

Chemical constituents

• -          Vasicine
• -          Vasicinone

Pharmacological action/ Uses

• -          Expectorant
• -          Antispasmodic
• -          Antihelminthic
• -          Abortifacient
• -          Bronchodilator
• -          Antidiarrheal
• -          Anti tumor

Experiment 5 Study of macroscopic features of Vasaka

Experiment No 5

STUDY OF MACROSPICAL FEATURES OF VASAKA

Synonyms

Adhatoda, Vasaka Fonium, Asuro (vernacular name)

Biological source

•                 Scientific name: Adhatoda vasica
•                 Part used:  fresh or dried leaves
•                 Family: Acanthaceae

Organoleptic evaluation

                Color: Green

                Odor: Characteristic

                Taste: Bitter

                Shape: lance shaped, ovate to lanceolate

                Size: length:------, width ------

Other macroscopical Features

• -          The leaf is petiolate.
• -          The leaf has acuminate apex and tapering base.
• -          The surface is glabrous or slightly pubescent.
• -          The leaf has entire margin.

Experiment 4 Study of microscopic features of Stramonium

Experiment 4

STUDY OF MICROSCOPICAL FEATURES OF STRAMONIUM

Microscopical Features

• -          Both surface  is covered by smooth cuticle.
• -          Anisocytic stomata is present.
• -          Mesophyll is composed of a single layer of palisade and multilayered spongy parenchyma.
• -          Beneath the palisade layer there is a crystal layer where calcium oxalate crystals are present in each cell.
• -          Covering trichome is uniseriate, multicellular, warty, with blunt apex.
• -          Glandular trichome has one or two celled stalk and multicellular head.

Chemical constituents

• -          Scopolamine (Hyoscine)
• -          Scopoline (Hyoscyamine)

Phamcological action/ Uses

• -          Narcotic
• -          Antispasmodic
• -          Anodyne
• -          Treatment of earache, parkinsonism, sore and fish bites.

Experiment 3 Study of macroscopic features of Stramonium

Experiment 3

STUDY OF MACROSCOPICAL FEATURES OF STRAMONIUM

Synonyms

Thornapple leaves, Folia stramoni, Dhaturo (vernacular name)

Biological source

•                 Scientific name: Datura stramonium
•                 Part used:  dried leaves and flowering tops
•                 Family: Solanaceae

Organoleptic evaluation

                Color: Greyish green

                Odor: Unpleasant

                Taste: Bitter

                Shape: ovate to triangular ovate

                Size: length:------, width ------

Other macroscopical Features

• -          The leaf is petiolate.
• -          The leaf has acuminate apex.
• -          The leaf has dentately lobed margin.

 Draw a well labeled figure of Stramonium  leaf on the blank page